Causes and Treatment for Eczema

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. The exact cause of eczema is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Some common triggers for eczema include:

- Dry skin
- Irritants such as soaps, detergents, and disinfectants
- Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and animal dander
- Stress - Changes in temperature or humidity
- Certain foods or food additives - Hormonal changes

Treatment for eczema usually involves a combination of self-care measures, such as avoiding triggers and keeping skin moisturized, and medications, such as topical creams and ointments, oral antihistamines, and immunosuppressants.

Self-care measures:

- Moisturize your skin regularly with a fragrance-free cream or ointment
- Avoid harsh soaps and detergents, and opt for gentle cleansers
- Wear loose-fitting, cotton clothing
- Keep your fingernails short to prevent scratching
- Avoid scratching or rubbing the affected area

Medications:

- Topical corticosteroids: These creams and ointments can help reduce inflammation and itching.
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: These medications reduce inflammation and can be used as an alternative to corticosteroids for mild-to-moderate eczema.
- Oral antihistamines: These medications can help relieve itching and reduce inflammation.
- Immunomodulators: These medications work by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation.

It is important to work with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your individual needs.